How to ensure the safe operation of energy storage power station systems?
2025-02-22
HEXI
1. Thermal runaway chain reaction
- Causes: overcharge/over discharge, mechanical damage, BMS failure
- Data: According to DNV GL research, 80% of battery fires are caused by internal short circuits in single cells
2. Toxic gas release
- Electrolyte decomposition products such as hydrofluoric acid (HF) can cause fatal poisoning
3. Electrical system failure
- The arc on the DC side is difficult to extinguish and may ignite adjacent battery compartments
Battery selection test
- Suppliers are required to provide UN38.3 and UL 9540A test reports
- Chemical systems with higher thermal stability such as LFP (lithium iron phosphate) are preferred
1. Multi-level protection architecture
Level Protection measures
Cell level CID (current interrupt device)
Module level Ceramic fiber insulation sheet
System level Independent cabin + prefabricated fire extinguishing cabin
2. Intelligent monitoring system
- Deploy multi-parameter sensors (voltage/temperature/gas/smoke)
- Use AI algorithms to predict early failures (such as SOH analysis based on capacity decay curve)
1. Preventive maintenance system
- Weekly infrared thermal imaging to detect battery cluster temperature difference (threshold: ±2℃)
- Quarterly internal resistance test to check "sub-healthy" battery modules
2. Personnel safety training
- Required courses:
- Emergency treatment of electrolyte leakage (use of neutralizer)
- Power-off procedures for high-voltage DC systems
- Explosion-proof tool operation certification
3. Digital management platform
- Recommended functional modules:
▶ Real-time visualization of three-dimensional thermal maps
▶ Automatic report generation of fault tree analysis (FTA)
▶ Intelligent evacuation guidance linked to the fire protection system
Emergency handling process (4R principle)
1. Recognize: Confirm abnormal gas concentration through VOC sensor
2. Isolate: Remotely cut off PCS and transformer within 30 seconds
3. Suppress: Start perfluorohexanone flooding fire extinguishing (disable traditional water-based system)
4. Ventilate: Turn on explosion-proof fan for directional detoxification
Note: Firefighters need to wear Class A chemical protective clothing + positive pressure respirator before entering the accident area
Solid-state battery: Eliminate the flammable risk of liquid electrolyte (QuantumScape has achieved prototype testing)
Digital twin: Simulate the failure path under extreme working conditions through virtual power station
Blockchain traceability: Full chain quality tracking from raw materials to decommissioning and recycling
The safety management of electrochemical energy storage requires the three-dimensional coordination of "technical defense + management closed loop + humanistic awareness". With the mandatory implementation of new standards such as UL 9540, the industry is shifting from passive emergency response to active defense. Welcome to share your power station safety management experience in the comment area, or raise technical questions for discussion.
